Historically, there has always been a conflict between risking and uncertainty regarding information transparency. Information transparency will lead to easier and safer choices. However difficult, the emergence of a new platform to make trades transparent isn’t far-fetched. The prime concern of generating this platform is to comply with a product’s originality of creation or the work of a human.
Approximately, since bartering ceased, the direct contact between the producer and the customer has become difficult or faulty. Perhaps it’s about time that information and communication transparency along with social and personal advantages became accessible to every one by just a few clicks on the screen in order to enlighten the darkness of uncertainty wrapped around the customer.
To date, the physical world and the digital world, especially Blockchain, have been existing separately from one another. As InvisibleHand has been the power freely equilibrating the market since Adam Smith, it will be the emerging champion born in the form of Blockchain to observe some of our world’s concerns from a simpler point of view, comply with human rights regardless of their status and make it possible for people to get back the rights of which they have been deprived.
This phenomenon is about to take place for the first time in the world, and we are witnessing an unmatched novelty and creativity in the combination of technology and daily life. And doubtlessly, first-timers always stand the test of time. Probably, when the first company in the world was registered, it seemed highly improbable that every customer of the company could get a share by simply consuming its products; however, the world of Blockchain has paved the way for the emergence of InvisibleHand in order to make it possible for people so that customers can hurry off to help their favorite firms, make their stock markets thrive, go into partnership with their favorite firm by considering the various choices offered by InvisibleHand, and strengthen the economic cycle in order for it to move forward and flourish.

Introduction

Blockchain technology can be considered as one of the most powerful inventions of humans; given its unique capabilities, the purpose of this technology will definitely not be limited to creating financial markets. The unrivaled power of this technology to store information in a way that cannot be either changed or manipulated, gave us inspiration for novelty and creativity.
Thinking of building a free world, we created InvisibleHand. Indeed, InvisibleHand will be the most visible and tangible digital technology in people’s daily lives. In other words, it is an invisible gate in the physical world to reach the digital world and a visible bridge to return from the digital world to the physical world, which everyone is entitled to use freely. Blockchain technology is reaching out its invisible hand to help humans to fill our world with light.

Addressing the problem
InvisibleHand: equilibrium of the market :
Market failure has always been the subject of conflict among economists; some agree with Adam Smith and see InvisibleHand as the savior of the market, some believe that governments are the saviors, and some think that a moderate combination of both can rescue the market.
Market failure occurs in four main areas including the resource allocation area (weak performance in resource allocation), the distribution area (weakness in equalities), the stabilization area (weakness in controlling economic fluctuations and lack of stabilization of economy) and the international area (inability to conduct international economic policies). The description and details regarding the market failure of each of these areas demand lengthy discussions.
In the areas which allow the possibility of applying Blockchain technology to the market, InvisibleHand will come to help the market prevent or improve market failure. For instance, formation of monopolies, externalities and a lack of information transparency and symmetry as a result of wrong choices and moral hazards in the allocation area; dealing with unequal distribution of income, opportunities and wealth as far as the application of Blockchain technology is possible in the distribution area; as for the stabilization area, the conditions will be a little different. Our InvisibleHand goes out of its way to withstand the occurrence of inflation, and probably, its possibility for application will be weaker in the other fields of the stabilization area. Finally, in the international area, InvisibleHand has a stronger possibility for application in two fields. First, it will hurry off to help the global environment. Secondly, it will make a great effort to remove trade barriers between countries.
Another area where numerous market failures take place is related to culture and art. The economics of culture and art has made some suggestions to withstand these market failures. Additionally, our InvisibleHand is trying to provide new approaches to compensate for market failure in this area.
Moreover, plagiarism has increased significantly as a result of the emergence of new technologies. Countries across the world have passed legislations for intellectual property in this regard. However, weakness of the law or the lack of law enforcement in a right way regarding the product’s copyright have led us to create a medium to ensure compliance with the law on the most complete global level present by using Blockchain medium.
Following market failures, infraction of law or failure in law enforcement, societies have faced numerous problems. InvisibleHand has identified the most fundamental problems briefly in eight areas (communication of goods and services transaction, copyright improvement, information management, market failures due to externalities of production and consumption, advertisement, shareholding, human health, inequality in resource distribution), and it will introduce the mentioned problems thoroughly and in detail upon completion of the ICO phase.

Core philosophy of InvisibleHand and explaining the product

Creating and using Blockchain network technology has a lot of complexities. In order to design and create a Blockchain network, one has to be a software specialist in this field, and if one wants to be able to use this network, they have to be familiar with the basics of financial markets’ structure. These complexities have led the InvisibleHand team to design a system to simplify the use of Blockchain network in a way that anyone with any level of knowledge of and familiarity with this technology can use it. Furthermore, the occurrence of market failures, which are mainly due to information asymmetry, led to the integration of the digital technology of Blockchain capable of unchangeable registration of information into the physical world for the first time in order to prevent the occurrence of market failure from happening which result from information asymmetry. This is one of the goals of economics.
Another goal and philosophy of InvisibleHand is to use and improve social capital and the power of community. Building an invisible linking bridge between the digital world and community as well as using its advantages, will be made available by people’s support and power, which is the reason why InvisibleHand exists to unite and help people across the globe.
Without Adam Smith’s InvisibleHand, the economic cycle is weak, and InvisibleHand has always come to help the market control and cover these weaknesses. Similarly, the production, distribution and consumption cycles between the company and household, too, are feeble without the presence of our InvisibleHand (people), and now, our InvisibleHand has arisen to control and cover this defect.
In fact, InvisibleHand is a software on Blockchain medium which includes a number of exclusive tools to solve the mentioned problems. Due to the start-up nature of the InvisibleHand project and protecting its information, the existing solutions to these problems will be publicized upon completion of the ICO phase.

Technical details of Blockchain network and the software

InvisibleHand consists of a Blockchain network, a central server and an application. InvisibleHand’s main innovation is in the creation and usage method of this application. The application provides its community with some abilities and latitude which can optimize the usage of Blockchain network. Details regarding different sections of the application will be publicized in futures updates of the whitepaper.

Architecture and structure of Blockchain network:
Consensus mechanism
⦁ Existing consensus mechanisms:

⦁ Proof of work
Mechanism: Miners work hard to confirm blocks by solving complicated computational problems.
Advantages: High-level security and resistance to attacks
Disadvantages: Extremely high energy consumption; limited scalability
⦁ Proof of Stake
Mechanism: Validators confirm blocks based on their shares.
Advantages: Lower energy consumption; better scalability
Disadvantages: The probability of concentration of power in great validators
⦁ Delegated proof of stake
Mechanism: Users choose their delegates who are responsible for confirming their transactions
Advantages: Shorter confirmation duration; user participation
Disadvantages: concentration of power in a few chosen delegates
⦁The consensus mechanism recommended by us Enhanced proof of stake
Mechanism:
In this mechanism, validators get chosen based on a combination of the number of shares and previous performance. This system provides security and efficiency improvements with new algorithms monitoring the behavior of nodes.
Advantages:
Reducing energy consumption; faster confirmation duration; reducing concentration risks and sybil attacks through supervising the behavior of validators
Weaknesses and solutions:
One of the challenges of this method is the possibility of concentration of power which can be resolved by creating incentive mechanisms for smaller validators and punishment mechanisms for transgressive validators.
Impact on scalability and security:
This mechanism offers significant improvements in network scalability by reducing both the confirmation duration and the need for energy. Additionally, security has been reinforced through monitoring algorithms along with incentive and punishment mechanisms.

Tokenomic: ( Tokenomic page)
Total Supply of the Invisible Hand Token:
The total supply of the Invisible Hand Token is 10 billion units. Of this amount, 51%, equivalent to 5.1 billion units, is retained by the Invisible Hand network for protection against Sybil attacks, maintaining token ownership for the team, safeguarding the rights of buyers and investors, and adhering to the 51-49 rule.
From the remaining 49%, a total of 2.5 billion units will be sold through a private ICO, which will be available according to the following execution plan:
Supply and price of ICO tokens and airdrop
The invisiblehand airdrop has six phases and reaches 2/5 B tokens.
(Providing 2.25B purchasable tokens to the public and 0.25B to the team as part of the consumption plan)
Eecutive plan for the first 2.25B tokens
Phase 1 : 575M tokens come in 0.00997 $
Phase 2 : 457M tokens come in 0.0185 $
Phase 3 : 375M tokens
Phase 4 : 375M tokens
Phase 5 : 275M tokens
Phase 6 : 175M tokens
Executive plan for the second 0.25B tokens
33% DEX
29% Marketing & Advertisement
38% Executive Operations
Executive plan for purchased ICO
33% Deposite to INVISIBLEHAND token
33% Deposite to INVISIBLEHAND coin
34% for the cost of blockchain construction network according to the roadmap
Execution Plan for the Remaining 2.4 Billion Tokens:
- 400 million units allocated for rewards and tasks (e.g., subscribing to Telegram, X, CoinMarketCap, LinkedIn, GitHub, and daily site visits), of which 50% is reserved exclusively for ICO buyers.
- 472.5 million units designated for staking profit sources.
- 1.5275 billion units held by the team as a reserve for the Invisible Hand Blockchain network ICO.

Withdrawal method of ICO tokens
All ICO members can withdraw their tokens in two methods in every phase.
1 . According to the withdrawal table the buyer is allowed to withdraw 20% of purchased tokens in each phase.
In accordance with the withdrawal table, the buyer is allowed to withdraw 20% of the tokens bought in each phase.
* You will receive the tiered discount by choosing this method.
2. ICO members can withdraw their tokens in the last phase and claim the bonus.
* This method includes the tiered discounts in the table with extra bonus.

ICO remark: (ICO page)
1. Every ICO members can use all the discounts in each phase
2. Tokens that are not sold would be taken out of the ICO cycle and presented to members in a new way.
3. Trading tokens will be available in selected exchanges that were introduced by the team after the last phase of airdrop.
4. People who intend to make a macro investment meanwhile the 6 phases can join our ICO (50% discount for each phase it might entered)
5. Upon the completion of the ICO phase, macro-investors will only be able to invest in the second phase of the coin offering, and they will receive INVISIBLEHAND coin.
6. The sources for staking profit payments come from the remaining 2.4 billion units from the 49% of the total supply

7. There is a possibility to allocate 40 million units exclusively for promotional collaborations.

8. The airdrop payment method is as follows:
   1. Daily website check-ins: 30 units
   2. Subscribing to Invisible Hand Telegram: 100 units
   3. Subscribing to Invisible Hand X: 100 units
   4. Subscribing to Invisible Hand Youtube: 100 units
   5. Subscribing to CoinMarketCap: 100 units
   6. Subscribing to GitHub: 100 units

7.Subscribe to discord:100 units

8. Refferal to 4 friends: 800 units
9. Promotional collaborations: Depending on the type of collaboration and execution, up to 2 million units may be rewarded. invisiblehand tokenomic chart

Scale of chart: 1,000,000,000 units
9.User accounts that successfully find the purchase path and buy ICO tokens through the question game on the website will receive a 50% discount. No discounts will be available in other ICO phases.
*The ICO would be launched on Ethereum Blockchain*

ICO Repayment table based on each phase (withdrawal methode 1):

Phase 1 : 575,000,000 INVISIBLEHAND token

1^st Phase ICO Members
20% of 1^st Phase	Repayment Amount
80% of 1^st Phase	Remaining Balance

Phase 2 : 475,000,000 INVISIBLEHAND token

1^st Phase ICO Members		2^nd phase new ICO members
Repayment Amount	20% of 1^st Phase 20% of 2^nd Phase	20% of 2^nd Phase
New Purchase Discount Amount	10% discount in 2^nd Phase	-
Remaining Balance	60% of 1^st Phase 80% of 2^nd Phase	80% of 2^nd Phase

Phase 3 : 375,000,000 INVISIBLEHAND token

1^st Phase ICO members		2^nd Phase ICO members	3^rd Phase new ICO member
Repayment amount	20% of 1^st Phase 20% of 2^nd Phase 20% of 3^rd Phase	20% of 2^nd phase 20% of 3^rd phase	20% of 3^rd phase
New Purchase Discount Amount	20% discount in 3^rdPhase	10% discount in 3^rd phase	-
New Purchase Discount Amount	40% of 1^st phase 60% of 2^nd phase 80% of 3^rd phase	60% of 2^nd phase 80% of 3^rd phase	80% of 3^rd phase

Phase 4 : 375,000,000 INVISIBLEHAND token

1^st phase ICO members

2^nd phase ICO members

3^rd phase ICO members

4^th phase new ICO members

Repayment amount

20% of 1^st Phase

20% of 2^nd Phase

20% of 3^rd Phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 2^nd phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

New Purchase Discount Amount

30% discount in 4^th phase

20% discount in 4^th phase

10% discount in 4^th phase

-

Remaining balance

20% of 1^st phase

40% of 2^nd phase

60% of 3^rd phase

80% of 4^th phase

40% of 2^nd phase

60% of 3^rd phase

80% of 4^th phase

60% of 3^rd phase

80% of 4^th phase

80% of 4^th phase

Phase 5 : 275,000,000 INVISIBLEHAND token

1^st phase ICO members		2^nd phase ICO members	3^rd phase ICO members	4^th phase new ICO members	5^th phase new ICO members
Repayment amount	20% of 1^st phase 20% of 2^nd phase 20% of 3^rd phase 20%of 4^th phase 20% of 5^th phase	20% of 2^nd phase 20% of 3^rd phase 20% of 4^th phase 20% of 5^th phase	20% of 3^rd phase 20% of 4^th phase 20% of 5^th phase	20% of 4^th phase 20% of 5^th phase	20% of 5^th phase
New Purchase Discount Amount	40% discount in 5^th phase	30% discount in 5^th phase	20% discount in 5^th phase	10% discount in 5^th phase	-
Remaining balance	Settlement 1^st phase 20% of 2^nd phase 40% of 3^rd phase 60% of 4^th phase 80% of 5^th phase	20% from 2^nd phase 40% of 3^rd phase 60% of 4^th phase 80% of 5^th phase	40% of 3^rd phase 60% of 4^th phase 80% of 5^th phase	60% of 4^th phase 80% of 5^th phase	80% of 5^th phase

Phase 6 : 175,000,000 INVISIBLEHAND token

1^st phase ICO members

2^nd phase ICO members

3^rd phase ICO members

4^th phase new ICO members

5^th phase new ICO members

6^th phase new ICO members

Repayment amount

20% of 2^nd phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 2^nd phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

New Purchase Discount Amount

50% discount in 6^th phase

40% discount in 6^th phase

30% discount in 6^th phase

20% discount in 6^th phase

10% discount in 6^th phase

-

Remaining balance

Settlement 1^st phase

Settlement 2^nd phase

20% from 3^rd phase

40% from 4^th phase

60% from 5^th phase

80% from 6^th phase

Settlement 2^nd phase

20% of 3^rd phase

40% of 4^th phase

60% of 5^th phase

80% of 6^th phase

20% of 3^rd phase

40% of 4^th phase

60% of 5^th phase

80% of 6^th phase

40% of 4^th phase

60% of 5^th phase

80% of 6^th phase

60% of 5^th phase

80% of 6^th phase

80% of 6^th phase

I _ First month after ICO ended

1^st phase ICO members

2^nd phase ICO members

3^rd phase ICO members

4^th phase new ICO members

5^th phase new ICO members

6^th phase new ICO members

Repayment amount

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

Remaining balance

Settlement 1^st & 2^nd & 3^rd phases

20% of 4^th phase

40% of 5^th phase

60% of 6^th phase

Settlement 2^nd & 3^rd phases

20% of 4^th phase

40% of 5^th phase

60% of 6^th phase

Settlement 3^rd phase

20% of 4^th phase

40% of 5^th phase

60% of 6^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

40% of 5^th phase

60% of 6^th phase

40% of 5^th phase

60% of 6^th phase

60% of 6^th phase

II _ Second month after ICO ended

1^st phase ICO members

2^nd phase ICO members

3^rd phase ICO members

4^th phase new ICO members

5^th phase new ICO members

6^th phase new ICO members

Repayment amount

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 4^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

Remaining balance

Settlement 1^st & 2^nd & 3^rd & 4^th phases

20% of 5^th phase

40% of 6^th phase

Settlement 2^nd & 3^rd & 4^th phases

20% of 5^th phase

40% of 6^th phase

Settlement 3^rd & 4^th phases

20% of 5^th phase

40% of 6^th phase

Settlement 4^thphase

20% of 5^th phase

40% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

40% of 6^th phase

40% of 6^th phase

III _ Third month after ICO ended

1^st phase ICO members

2^nd phase ICO members

3^rd phase ICO members

4^th phase new ICO members

5^th phase new ICO members

6^th phase new ICO members

Repayment amount

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

Remaining balance

Settlement 1^st & 2^nd & 3^rd & 4^th & 5^th phases

20% of 6^th phase

Settlement 2^nd & 3^rd & 4^th & 5^th phases

20% of 6^th phase

Settlement 3^rd & 4^th & 5^th phases

20% of 6^th phase

Settlement 4^th & 5^th phases

20% of 6^th phase

Settlement 5^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

20% of 6^th phase

IV _ Fourth month after ICO ended

1^st phase ICO members		2^nd phase ICO members	3^rd phase ICO members	4^th phase new ICO members	5^th phase new ICO members	6^th phase new ICO members
Repayment amount	20% of 6^th phase	20% of 6^th phase	20% of 6^th phase	20% of 6^th phase	20% of 6^th phase	20% of 6^th phase
Remaining balance	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Policy
⦁ Purchasing Invisible Hand tokens in geographic regions not approved by blockchain policy authorities is the buyer's responsibility, and Invisible Hand has no obligation in this regard.
⦁ News and information about the Invisible Hand project are only valid through the following sources:
⦁ Website: (InvisibleHand)
⦁ Email: invisiblehandprj@gmail.com
⦁ Invisible Hand does not take responsibility for emails from any other accounts.
⦁ ICO token purchase deposit address:
0x26d45966904484AbECad8246bD4f8e093B886078
⦁ The responsibility for depositing to any other address is the buyer's own.
⦁ Invisiblehand project social media:
⦁ Telegram account username: Telegram account
⦁ Telegram channel link: Telegram channel
⦁ Telegram group link: Telegram group
⦁ X username: X account
⦁ Youtube username: Youtube channel
⦁ Coinmarketcap username:
coin marketcap
⦁ Github username: GitHub

⦁ Discord username: Discord

Admins of the listed accounts will not send you private messages, and any other claims are not from Invisible Hand.
⦁ At each stage, every user (wallet) has permission and accessibility to a number of purchases, and they will not be deprived of further purchases after the they have made their first purchase.
⦁ The wallet address cannot be changed to make withdrawals.
⦁ Tokens cannot be sent to third parties until they have been listed in exchange.
⦁ Discounts offered at purchase steps can be used at any ICO phase, and there is no need to comply with the steps of purchasing process at every stage.
⦁ Upon completion of the ICO phases, all the information and tokens will be transferred to InvisibleHand’s main server.
⦁ Tokens to InvisibleHand coins exchange rate is one to one.
⦁ Tokens which are not purchased will be removed from the cycle.
⦁ Buyers have to pay gas fees.
⦁ Users cannot create two or more wallets on one profile.
⦁ At each stage of executing the roadmap, the capabilities of Blockchain network will be made available to all users.

Smart contracts and dApps:
Smart contracts
-Definition and function: Smart contracts are known as autoplay agreements which automatically fulfil circumstances and contractual commitments based on predefined codes. These contracts don`t need human moderators to operate.
-Programming languages: In order to write smart contracts, languages such as Solidity, Vyper (for Ethereum) and Rust are used.
Decentralized Applications (dApps)
-Definition and advantages: dApps are applications constructed based on blockchain and smart contracts, that work without the centralized point of failure. Also, they are utilized for a wide range of uses from financial usage to digital games.
-Structure: A dApp is normally made up of three main parts, including:
⦁ UI (User Interface): the user`s interaction with dApps.
⦁ Smart contracts: commercial logic and administrative procedures of the application.
⦁ Interaction with blockchain: communicating and interacting with blockchain in order to store and retrieve data.
Examples and uses
-Decentralized Finance (DeFi): platforms for granting loans, borrowing and exchanging and managing assets.
-Games: games which grant users the ownership of in-app properties.
-Digital identity: systems for verifying and managing identity without centralized moderators.

Security and encryption:
Encryption methods
-Encryption algorithms:
⦁ SHA-256: secure hashing algorithms which are used in Bitcoin in order to produce hash blocks.
⦁ ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithms): digital signature algorithms which are used to produce and verify digital signatures.
⦁ AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): symmetric encryption.
⦁ RSA: for public key encryption.
⦁ ZK-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge: for protecting privacy.
Confronting attacks
1. 51% attacks:
-Definition: when a whale has more than 51% of computing capacity or coins and can reorganize transactions.
-Solutions: using consensus mechanisms based on PoS which reduce the probability of such attacks taking place.
2. Sybil attacks:
-Definition: developing a large number of Nodes by a person in order to take control of the network.
-Solutions: using mechanisms for verifying and recognizing validators, using mutual signatures.
3. Replay attacks:
-Definition: reusing transactions of a network in another one.
-Solutions: using Nonces and disposable tokens in order to prevent them from being reused.
4. DDoS and DoS attacks:
-Definition: attacks which take place in order to occupy the system resources.
-Solutions: using systems for recognizing and preventing attacks; upgrading softwares.
5. Public and private attacks:
-Definition: steeling encryption keys.
-Solutions: using security tools and protocols; up-to-date management of the keys.
Protecting data
-Transaction privacy: by using advanced encryption techniques such as ZK-SNARKs, the transaction details can be hidden and only verify the authenticity of the transactions.
-ZK-SNARKs: hides the transaction details and only confirms the authenticity of the transactions.
-Mixing sevices: combines the transactions so their source and target stay hidden.
-Data integrity: using hashes and digital signatures to make sure that the data have not changed and are valid.
-Hashes: making sure the data have not changed.
-Digital signatures: confirming the authenticity of the data.

Scalability:
Scalability challenges in blockchain networks:
Blockchain networks face many challenges when the number of users and transactions increases:
-Limited processing capacity: for example, Bitcoin can process 7 transactions per second and this number is 15-30 for Ethereum, which is highly limited in comparison with traditional payment networks such as Visa with more than 24000 TPS.
-Increasing the period of time that takes the transactions to be verified: during peak hours, the transactions might be processed with delay.
-High gas-fees: increasing the number of transactions can result in raising gas-fees.
Modern blockchain networks such as Bitcoin and classic Ethereum are facing scalability problems. Processing boundaries during peak hours cause network congestion, increase the transaction costs and confirmation time. These challenges stem from basic network design and consensus process based on Proof of Work (PoW) which need solving complicated computational problems for confirming the transactions.

Recommended solutions for improving scalability:
1. Sharding
-Definition: sharding is the process of dividing blockchain into smaller parts or shards, each of which processes the transactions independently. This load distribution among shards increases the overall network processing capacity. Each shard has its own individual set of Nodes and data.
-Implementation:
-Transaction shard: each shard is responsible for processing and confirming its own individual transactions.
-Data shards: each shard stores only a part of the entire network data, which decreases the need for storage space and improves the synchronizing speed of the Nodes.
-Pros and cons:
-Pros: increase in TPS by distributing transaction loads, the possibility of symmetric processing, decrease in the pressure on the Nodes by dividing labor.
-Cons: complexity in harmonizing and protecting security among the shards, challenges in transferring data among the shards.
2. Second layer
-Definition: second layer protocols which process the transactions outside the main chain and only send the final result to the main blockchain, such as Lightning network for Bitcoin and Rollups for Ethereum. Lightning network refers to payment channels which allow users to make fast and low-cost transactions. Rollups categorizes the transactions and registers the results in the main chain.
-Pros and Cons:
-Pros: reducing the pressure on the main chain, increasing the transaction speed and lowering the costs.
-Cons: complexity in design and implementation, requiring security solutions for second layer.
3. Protocol optimization
-Changing block sizes: increasing block sizes can help raise TPS but a balance should be struck between the block sizes and the Nodes synchronizing time.
-Pros and cons:
-Pros: direct increase in TPS.
-Cons: increase in synchronizing time and the need for more storage space might weaken the security.
-Improving consensus algorithms: changing or enhancing consensus algorithms for higher efficiency like using PoS (Proof of Stake) algorithms instead of PoW ones.
-Pros: improving speed and reducing energy consumption.
-cons: possible centralization and security problems.
Comparison with existing methods:
Our solutions in contrast with Bitcoin and Ethereum:
-Sharding: considerable improvement of TPS without the need for making fundamental changes in network structure.
-Second layer: noticeable decrease in costs and processing time during peak hours.
-protocol optimization: increase in speed and overall network efficiency.

Network management and governance:
Network management and governance are really important in blockchain since they directly affect the following issues:
-Decision-making: to make decisions about significant actions, such as improving protocols, systematic reforms and changing network rules and policies.
-Security: to guarantee the network security against security attacks and weaknesses.
-Transparency: to ensure the transparency of decision-making and management processes.
Governmental mechanisms
⦁ Voting and democratic decision-making:
-Definition: users or chosen representatives make important decisions through voting.
-Example: selecting main developers, recommendations for protocol improvement and systematic changes.

⦁ Centralized governance (a model used in InvisibleHand network):
-Definition: governance which is determined by members of the network community based on participants` credibility and shares.
-Example: networks which use DPoS or PoS mechanisms.
⦁ Centralized governance:
-Definition: governance which is determined by one or more organizations or network provider companies.
-Example: networks which are governed by organizations or head offices.
Challenges and issues
⦁ Power distribution
-Challenge: drawing enough attention and making decisions in a way that lets no organization or group have too much power.
-Solution: developing moderate and equitable systems which allow fair decisions to be made.

⦁ Transparency
-Challenge: understanding the process of decision-making and making sure that users` comments are reflected accurately and precisely.
-Solution: using blockchain technology in order to register governmental decisions and transactions; disseminating information publicly.

⦁ Security
-Challenge: protecting network security against 51% attacks and other kinds.
-Solution: using secure and scalable consensus algorithms; developing incentive mechanisms for protecting security.
Existing governmental protocols
-Examples:
⦁ Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP)
⦁ Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP)
⦁ Tezos (Amendment Proposals)

Recommendations for improving network management and governance
-Increase in transparency and associativity:
-Disseminating information about network performance and decisions in a way which is public and accessible to all members.
-Developing improved governmental mechanisms:
-Developing more advanced mechanisms in order to make associative and fair decisions.
-More research and development:
-Investing in research for developing innovative solutions and improving governmental models.

Providing digital NFT document:
InvisibleHand team has a unique idea and innovation for using NFT and its capability and makes it public in the application when the phase of ICO project reaches its end. In this regard, each InvisibleHand token buyer will receive an NFT from the team in the ICO phase, whose interest and property they can exploit by keeping it throughout the next phases of the project.

Survey and voting:
Blockchain network sets the stage for voting and surveys to be conducted in the most transparent and secure way possible. InvisibleHand has an innovative recommendation and solution for using this capability and will make it public it its application.
-Note: the conduction of surveys and voting in domains which are against countries` laws and ethical and privacy policies is considered as an illegal activity.

Supporting wallet:
InvisibleHand network is capable of supporting digital wallets based on current needs. Also, its contract can be executed in well-known wallets, such as Trust wallet, MetaMask and Atomic wallet. Moreover, provided that other digital wallets collaborate and ascertain their jurisdiction, InvisibleHand contract will become available.
InvisibleHand contract will be able to support valid physical wallets in order to provide its users with more security.

Supporting operating system:
InvisibleHand blockchain network, specially InvisibleHand smart software will support Android, IOS, Windows and MACOS platforms.

InvisibleHand Roadmap (roadmap page)
2022-Q1:
• The initial formation of the invisible hand idea ✔
2022-Q2:
• Sketch of invisible hand theory ✔
2022-Q3:
• Completing the main core of the invisiblehand think tank with experts:
- Economy ✔
- Blockchain ✔
- software ✔
- Financial ✔
- marketing ✔
2023-Q1:
• Developing network ✔
2023-Q2:
• Gathering experts into a team:
- Site and application programming team for invisiblehand ✔
- Invisiblehand's blockchain network programming team ✔
- Graphic design team ✔
- A team of financial market analysts ✔
- The invisiblehand ICO & airdrop website development team ✔
- The promotional team ✔
• Research and Development for:
- Blockchain network ✔
- Artificial intelligence (AI) ✔
- Reconstruction area ✔
- Metaverse ✔
2024-Q1:
• Website UI/UX design ✔
• Application UI/UX design ✔
• Coding ICO & airdrop site ✔
• Starting coding the application ✔
• Blockchain network coding
• Providing ICO & airdrop services:
- First phase ✔
- Second phase
- Third phase
- Fourth phase
- Fifth phase
- Sixth phase
• The launch token is available on exchanges
• Programming Blockchain core
• Final unveiling of the application
• Programming core components
• Programming based on consensus algorithms
• Testing and debugging
• Adding smart contacts and DAPP capability
• Programming AI
• Starting convert airdrop token data
• Launching tokenomic network
• Network corrections and optimizations (testing and debugging)
• Designing wallet and transactions
• TestNet start-up
• Transforming airdrop tokens into invisiblehand coins and delivering them
• Entering the physical market in the following areas and others described in the white paper
1. Health and hygiene related to medicine
2. Medical
3. The environment
4. Energy and clean technologies
5. Food industry
6. Mathematics and Statistics
7. Automation and communication
8. Management and economics
9. Communication and media
10. History and archaeology
11. Art
12. Software and information
• Establishing a digital store
• Getting on the game field
• Entering the Metaverse
• AI's unveiling

Team and Partnership
Due to the nature and extent of the basic idea, implementation challenges, innovation and being the first at introducing this project on a global scale, the InvisibleHand project is facing some limitations on introducing the team members. There are short pieces of information about them available here, and on completion of the project’s execution phase, all the members along with their resumes will be introduced to the public.
The core of the InvisibleHand’s project has been formed by the collaboration of its four main members, each of whom will be introduced throughout the project’s execution phases. The teams participating in InvisibleHand include the graphic design team (the number of members), the website and application programming team, the content development team and the public relations and advertising team, all of whom will be introduced separately at each stage.

Download InvisibleHand whitepaper